連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼管(guan)方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷史悠久，早在19世(shi)紀(ji)末(mo)就曾嘗試在長芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，但由于種種原因，至1950年(nian)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)僅有6臺(tai)(tai)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機。1960年(nian)后，隨著(zhu)科學技術(shu)的(de)進(jin)步和生產的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，特(te)別是電子計算機技術(shu)的(de)飛速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和應用(yong)，使(shi)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機在生產工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和設備上(shang)(shang)日(ri)趨完善，得到了(le)迅(xun)速的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和推廣。在浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，限(xian)動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機于20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)中期(qi)進(jin)行了(le)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)試驗(yan)，獲得了(le)可喜(xi)的(de)成果(guo)。1978年(nian)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)第一套限(xian)動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機（MPM)在意大利達爾明鋼管(guan)(guan)廠建成投產，連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到了(le)一個新的(de)水準。20世(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)代(dai)末(mo)又推出了(le)三輥連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機（PQF)技術(shu)，使(shi)連續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)裝備躍上(shang)(shang)了(le)更高的(de)臺(tai)(tai)階。

  連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機在(zai)PQF出現以前，都(dou)是兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由兩個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔型，二輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機架(jia)既有與地面呈45°交(jiao)(jiao)錯布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有與地面垂直、水平交(jiao)(jiao)錯布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由三個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔型，如(ru)圖4-2所示。連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)，孔型頂(ding)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬由于受到軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)外壓力(li)和芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)內壓力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)而(er)產(chan)生軸向(xiang)延伸，并向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬展(zhan)，而(er)孔型側壁部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬與芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)不接觸，但(dan)它被(bei)頂(ding)部軸向(xiang)延伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬對(dui)它附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉應力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)而(er)產(chan)生軸向(xiang)延伸，并同時(shi)產(chan)生軸向(xiang)拉縮。不論兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機，按(an)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可分(fen)為(wei)浮動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機、半浮動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機和限動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機三種形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

  為了完(wan)成將連續(xu)軋管(guan)機軋出(chu)的(de)(de)荒管(guan)與芯棒(bang)脫開分離的(de)(de)工藝目的(de)(de)，便于荒管(guan)在后道工序進一步加工成品不銹鋼管(guan)，一般采用以下兩種方法。

1. 脫棒(bang)機(ji)

  軋(ya)制(zhi)結束后荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)起移出軋(ya)制(zhi)線，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)受(shou)軸向約束不(bu)動，用(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置將(jiang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出。我們將(jiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)動，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)(de)(de)設備稱(cheng)為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)(wei)置后，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置就鉤(gou)住(zhu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而液壓開閉的(de)(de)(de)卡板(ban)擋(dang)住(zhu)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉過半圈完成一(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作，鏈所走過的(de)(de)(de)距離約為(wei)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大速(su)度大于4.5m/s,到達終位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差為(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)輥道(dao)送(song)到芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)(wei)升降擋(dang)板(ban)前(qian)，然后由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人(ren)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)(wei)置與連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有(you)兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)連接起來(lai)(lai)，兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有(you)兩(liang)(liang)個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)及多個承載(zai)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載(zai)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)支(zhi)撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上用(yong)螺栓緊固與軋(ya)件尺(chi)寸相關的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，當(dang)更換軋(ya)制(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要(yao)更換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)結束后，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止(zhi)(zhi)運動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線被脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置將其(qi)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中脫(tuo)出，我們將這種芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)稱(cheng)為脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有兩輥式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有三(san)輥式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置有兩個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)出，完成(cheng)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)線上脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了工(gong)藝流程(cheng)，提高(gao)了終軋(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)(yong)，也就是說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每一支鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產中，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有延伸和定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)早期設(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中就嘗(chang)試過不單獨設(she)(she)(she)置脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本NKK京濱(bin)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)和1990年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏(fu)爾加(jia)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)），而是將MPM軋(ya)(ya)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接送人緊隨其(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥式(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)日(ri)本住(zhu)友和歌(ge)山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)則(ze)是送入(ru)其(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三(san)輥式(shi)（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一個工(gong)序內(nei)完成(cheng)；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，被脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)出并完成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現(xian)MPM與定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋(ya)(ya)。但由(you)于荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和材質種類較多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)(zhi)帶來困難(nan)，很(hen)難(nan)保證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中沒(mei)有再使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種工(gong)藝布(bu)置。為生(sheng)產薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和中厚壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架(jia)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)名義直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)必(bi)須小于軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時，脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)量要相應加(jia)大，否則(ze)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易被脫(tuo)出。每架(jia)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都(dou)裝(zhuang)有安全(quan)白，以防止(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入(ru)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時損傷軋(ya)(ya)輥及(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在(zai)(zai)(zai)事故情況下，假如當帶芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型(xing)時，若脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)輥承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)向(xiang)載荷大于預設(she)(she)(she)值，則(ze)軋(ya)(ya)輥孔(kong)型(xing)會相應張開(kai)，防止(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)輥及(ji)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。

3. 空減機的配置

  空減(jian)機(ji)是(shi)空心坯減(jian)徑機(ji)的(de)簡稱，一(yi)套連續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)為使(shi)其(qi)產品外(wai)徑規格(ge)范圍(wei)盡可能地大，設計時一(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)2~5個(ge)孔型(xing)(xing)，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)后(hou)配備張減(jian)機(ji)的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)孔型(xing)(xing)數較(jiao)少，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)后(hou)配備定徑機(ji)的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)孔型(xing)(xing)數較(jiao)多。由于孔型(xing)(xing)尺寸的(de)變(bian)化相應(ying)地軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)入口(kou)的(de)毛管(guan)外(wai)徑也要(yao)隨著(zhu)發生變(bian)化，為適(shi)應(ying)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)入口(kou)毛管(guan)外(wai)徑變(bian)化，通常有兩(liang)種方(fang)法(fa)：

  a. 選(xuan)(xuan)用幾(ji)種外徑的(de)管坯(pi)(pi)，針對不同的(de)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)選(xuan)(xuan)用不同規格(ge)的(de)管坯(pi)(pi)，但每次更換孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)時(shi)需對穿孔(kong)(kong)機的(de)受料(liao)槽(cao)、導(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行(xing)更換，這樣做(zuo)一方(fang)面(mian)占用較(jiao)多工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)間；另一方(fang)面(mian)管坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)場(chang)、穿孔(kong)(kong)機工(gong)(gong)具需要場(chang)地較(jiao)大；

  b. 在(zai)穿孔(kong)機與軋管(guan)(guan)機之間布置一(yi)臺空減(jian)機，通過空減(jian)機可使用(yong)同一(yi)種外徑尺寸的管(guan)(guan)坯來滿足軋管(guan)(guan)機不同孔(kong)型成為(wei)可能(neng)。

  浮動芯棒(bang)連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)采用穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布置空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)方法比(bi)較經濟，這樣既可僅用一(yi)個(ge)規格的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯組(zu)織(zhi)生產，減(jian)少了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯庫(ku)的(de)面(mian)積和(he)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關的(de)軋制工(gong)具(ju)數量，又可以(yi)減(jian)少換孔(kong)型(xing)的(de)時間(jian)，提高了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)作業(ye)率(lv)。經空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在運往連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口(kou)臺架前，先通過一(yi)個(ge)吹灰裝置用壓縮空(kong)氣吹去(qu)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以(yi)減(jian)少對芯棒(bang)的(de)磨損和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)內表面(mian)缺陷，同時空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了(le)狄塞爾穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所造(zao)成的(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)尾外徑差，使(shi)軋制過程穩定。這種單獨布置的(de)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使(shi)用三輥式及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架。

  半(ban)浮動芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)組(zu)將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)布(bu)置在連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)串列(lie)布(bu)置，一般(ban)為兩輥式(shi)、2~4架(jia)；在保持了原有空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)優(you)點的(de)(de)(de)同時，可縮短(duan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程，減(jian)(jian)少占地面(mian)(mian)積。這種(zhong)變(bian)化一方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)因為錐形(xing)輥穿孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)應用使變(bian)形(xing)前移(yi)，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架(jia)數相應減(jian)(jian)少（減(jian)(jian)少2~3架(jia)），串列(lie)布(bu)置因芯(xin)棒的(de)(de)(de)長度增加而引起的(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制(zhi)節奏(zou)變(bian)化不是(shi)很多（因軋(ya)制(zhi)終了芯(xin)棒向前運動）；另一方面(mian)(mian)串列(lie)布(bu)置可減(jian)(jian)少毛管(guan)在縱(zong)向移(yi)動過(guo)程中(zhong)內表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)氧化和溫降(jiang)，能更(geng)有效地確保鋼管(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)。

  限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)連續(xu)軋管機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)最初時(shi)沒有(you)空(kong)減機(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)種規格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管坯對應(ying)一(yi)個孔型(xing)，這主(zhu)要是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)軋制時(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)與軋件內(nei)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)浮動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)條件更(geng)為(wei)惡(e)劣(lie)，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易磨損和(he)劃傷。限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工藝上不允(yun)許(xu)毛(mao)管在(zai)進入軋管機(ji)前做縱向運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管內(nei)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化(hua)，才能確(que)保鋼(gang)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，因(yin)此不可能像浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)穿孔機(ji)與軋管機(ji)之間布(bu)置空(kong)減機(ji)。如(ru)采用半浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布(bu)置，因(yin)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加使軋制節奏更(geng)加緩(huan)慢（因(yin)軋制終了芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)向后(hou)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮，也是(shi)不經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。近十年來，限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)組(zu)也在(zai)不斷吸收(shou)其他機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)軋管機(ji)入口側串列布(bu)置1架(jia)空(kong)減機(ji)（三輥、四輥形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)管內(nei)表(biao)面與芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙和(he)毛(mao)管外(wai)徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)尾直徑偏差(cha)，使軋制更(geng)加平穩，從而提高軋輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)，確(que)保鋼(gang)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺寸精(jing)度和(he)內(nei)外(wai)表(biao)面質(zhi)量(liang)。

4. 吹(chui)硼(peng)砂的工藝

  限(xian)動芯棒(bang)(bang)連續軋管(guan)機(ji)組(zu)比浮(fu)動、半浮(fu)動機(ji)組(zu)多了一個工(gong)(gong)序就是(shi)在軋管(guan)機(ji)入口(kou)前向毛(mao)管(guan)內用氮氣(qi)噴抗氧化(hua)劑(ji)，工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)目的(de)(de)是(shi)去除內表(biao)面的(de)(de)氧化(hua)鐵皮并(bing)防止二(er)次氧化(hua)。抗氧化(hua)劑(ji)在高溫(wen)時(shi)呈熔融狀態(tai)可起(qi)到很好的(de)(de)潤滑作用，對抗氧化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)學穩(wen)定性、物理穩(wen)定性及(ji)吹撒的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)、噴吹的(de)(de)壓力、時(shi)間(jian)都(dou)有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)要求，主(zhu)要是(shi)解決軋管(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)延伸大(da)、軋制(zhi)時(shi)芯棒(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋件間(jian)相(xiang)對運(yun)動較大(da)、芯棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作條件更(geng)為惡(e)劣，芯棒(bang)(bang)更(geng)容(rong)易(yi)磨損和劃傷、潤滑條件不(bu)好時(shi)容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)軋卡(ka)事故或軋制(zhi)終了時(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)機(ji)不(bu)能將荒(huang)管(guan)從芯棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)順利(li)的(de)(de)抽出等問(wen)題。