不銹鋼冷軋工藝流程為：熱軋鋼卷準備-熱卷退火酸洗一鋼卷研磨-冷軋-冷軋帶鋼退火酸洗-調質軋制一精加工研磨一精整，不銹鋼的冷軋生產工藝流程如圖2-2-2所示。

  經酸(suan)洗(xi)后(hou)的原料表(biao)面(mian)若有缺陷或成(cheng)(cheng)品表(biao)面(mian)要求極(ji)高時(shi)，不能(neng)(neng)直接軋(ya)(ya)制，需要對原料進(jin)行修磨后(hou)才能(neng)(neng)軋(ya)(ya)制。軋(ya)(ya)制一般能(neng)(neng)在一個軋(ya)(ya)程內完成(cheng)(cheng)，需要兩個或兩個以上軋(ya)(ya)程時(shi)，必須經過中間軟化退火，就增加了軋(ya)(ya)制成(cheng)(cheng)本。在一個軋(ya)(ya)程內完成(cheng)(cheng)軋(ya)(ya)制，往(wang)往(wang)根據產品厚度來選擇原料厚度。

  不銹鋼(gang)冷軋(ya)工序的主體裝備非常復雜，生產全線主要包括以下設備：

1. 原(yuan)料退火酸洗設(she)備

   原(yuan)料退(tui)火(huo)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)線(xian)又(you)稱熱線(xian)，主要包括(kuo)退(tui)火(huo)和(he)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)兩個功能(neng)，主要設備(bei)組成(cheng)有開(kai)卷機(ji)、焊(han)機(ji)、活套、退(tui)火(huo)爐、冷卻段、破鱗(lin)機(ji)、拋丸機(ji)、酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)部分、卷取(qu)機(ji)。根據不同的需要，部分原(yuan)料酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)線(xian)還會(hui)配備(bei)軋(ya)制、平(ping)整、切(qie)邊(bian)等功能(neng)設備(bei)。

2. 軋機設備(bei)

   一(yi)般而(er)言，不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)來生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)主要是二(er)(er)十(shi)輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)。因其(qi)具(ju)有良好的(de)剛(gang)(gang)度(du)，在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有廣泛(fan)的(de)應用(yong)。多采用(yong)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)厚度(du)在3.0～5.5毫米(mi)的(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)品，經過(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)備的(de)壓(ya)延(yan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)品。當(dang)前(qian)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)主要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)三大(da)類：不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)單(dan)(dan)機(ji)(ji)架冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)多機(ji)(ji)架冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是在金屬再(zai)結晶(jing)溫(wen)度(du)以下進行(xing)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度(du)低(di)，因此在冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，金屬變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)抗(kang)力增大(da)、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壓(ya)力增高、同時金屬塑形(xing)(xing)(xing)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)、容(rong)易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)脆裂(lie)，這種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)象被稱(cheng)為(wei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化(hua)現(xian)(xian)象。當(dang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)一(yi)定時，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)與變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)有關，變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)量加(jia)大(da)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)大(da)。當(dang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化(hua)達到(dao)一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)時，就不(bu)(bu)能繼續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。因此，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板(ban)帶材經受一(yi)定冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)總變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)，往往需要經軟化(hua)熱(re)處理(li)（再(zai)結晶(jing)退火或固溶處理(li)等），使之恢復塑性(xing)、降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)抗(kang)力，以利于繼續(xu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。為(wei)實現(xian)(xian)高效率、高精度(du)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，必(bi)須采用(yong)剛(gang)(gang)性(xing)大(da)、小直徑工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)輥(gun)和(he)大(da)張力的(de)多輥(gun)可逆式(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)成(cheng)卷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)顯著特點(dian)。最初，不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多采用(yong)四輥(gun)可逆式(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)。這種(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)由于剛(gang)(gang)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)不(bu)(bu)高，而(er)且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)輥(gun)、支承輥(gun)、牌坊都(dou)(dou)很(hen)龐(pang)大(da)，針對這種(zhong)情況(kuang)開(kai)發(fa)出了包(bao)括八輥(gun)、十(shi)二(er)(er)輥(gun)、二(er)(er)十(shi)輥(gun)等的(de)多輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)。不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有代表性(xing)的(de)是二(er)(er)十(shi)輥(gun)森吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)。目前(qian)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)多數采用(yong)這種(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)。森吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)絕大(da)部(bu)分(fen)都(dou)(dou)是單(dan)(dan)機(ji)(ji)架生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。

3. 成(cheng)品退火酸洗設備(bei)

  成(cheng)品(pin)退(tui)(tui)火(huo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)主要是(shi)使(shi)經(jing)冷軋后的(de)(de)不銹鋼通過退(tui)(tui)火(huo)軟化，得到要求的(de)(de)性(xing)能，并通過酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消除退(tui)(tui)火(huo)過程中(zhong)生成(cheng)的(de)(de)氧(yang)化皮等雜質，進(jin)一(yi)步提高帶鋼的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)質量(liang)。目前世(shi)界上成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)爐(lu)型(xing)有周期式(shi)退(tui)(tui)火(huo)爐(lu)和(he)連續式(shi)退(tui)(tui)火(huo)爐(lu)。連續爐(lu)主要有臥(wo)式(shi)爐(lu)和(he)立(li)式(shi)爐(lu)兩種。立(li)式(shi)爐(lu)（俗(su)稱光亮爐(lu)）主要用于生產厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)0.2～2毫米的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)等級(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)BA的(de)(de)鏡面(mian)(mian)板，且受現(xian)有馬弗爐(lu)長度(du)的(de)(de)限(xian)制，其(qi)產量(liang)很低。而臥(wo)式(shi)爐(lu)的(de)(de)產量(liang)高，且其(qi)產品(pin)規(gui)格范圍廣，生產表面(mian)(mian)等級(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)2B或2D的(de)(de)普(pu)通冷軋產品(pin)。近年來酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)工(gong)藝和(he)設備正越(yue)來越(yue)為(wei)(wei)適(shi)應環(huan)保和(he)改(gai)善工(gong)作條件而不斷改(gai)進(jin)，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)工(gong)藝先后經(jing)歷了(le)化學(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、H2SO4電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化學(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、堿液（鹽浴）＋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化學(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、中(zhong)性(xing)鹽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化學(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等階段，工(gong)藝流程為(wei)(wei)：1號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)-2號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)-3號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)-1號(hao)(hao)刷洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)-4號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)-2號(hao)(hao)刷洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)-5號(hao)(hao)化學(xue)槽(cao)-6號(hao)(hao)化學(xue)槽(cao)一(yi)預(yu)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)-3號(hao)(hao)刷洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)最(zui)終清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)烘干機(ji)(ji)。

4. 精整設備

  精整(zheng)是(shi)使冷軋板(ban)(ban)(ban)帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)成為交(jiao)貨狀態產品的(de)(de)工藝過程，其目的(de)(de)是(shi)保證(zheng)產品的(de)(de)實物要(yao)求和質量。精整(zheng)包括平(ping)整(zheng)、縱切(qie)、橫切(qie)、拉(la)矯等(deng)工序。有時(shi)根據用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要(yao)求還(huan)要(yao)進行修磨，獲(huo)得磨砂(sha)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、發紋(wen)(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)。帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)平(ping)整(zheng)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)改善板(ban)(ban)(ban)形，確保鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)平(ping)直度符合用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要(yao)求。對于某些特定的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)種(zhong)，平(ping)整(zheng)經過一定的(de)(de)延伸能夠改善帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)力學(xue)性能。此(ci)外，帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)平(ping)整(zheng)還(huan)可以(yi)按用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)需(xu)要(yao)確保帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)表(biao)面光潔度或一定的(de)(de)粗糙(cao)度。同(tong)時(shi)通過平(ping)整(zheng)工作輥(gun)面，帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)表(biao)面還(huan)可以(yi)得到一定的(de)(de)花紋(wen)(wen)圖案。橫縱切(qie)、拉(la)矯主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)把帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)加(jia)工成具有用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸和單位(wei)質量的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、帶(dai)卷材。

 至德鋼業(ye)，我們根據(ju)您的(de)實際(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)，給出參考建議，為您提供高性(xing)價(jia)比的(de)不銹鋼管道及配件(jian)。