根據壁厚計算公式,不銹鋼(gang)管道承壓厚度的直接影響因素是壓力和材料許用應力,高壓將導致管線厚度增加;許用應力變小也會導致其增加。溫度是影響材料許用應力的關鍵因素,溫度升高將導致材料強度的下降。由于許用應力是屈服強度和安全系數的比值,同樣在溫度升高到一定范圍時,也將導致材料許用應力的減低,在溫度和壓力增大的情況下,將導致壁厚的增大,就出現t≥D/6情況。


  當t≥D/6時,不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的應力(li)(li)計(ji)算并不完全(quan)滿(man)足薄膜理論。因為對薄壁(bi)(bi)殼體的幾項(xiang)基本假(jia)設(she)(she)中,除(chu)需滿(man)足材料本身的性能外(wai),還需滿(man)足:①. 小位(wei)移(yi)假(jia)設(she)(she);②. 直法(fa)線假(jia)設(she)(she);③. 不擠壓(ya)假(jia)設(she)(she)。這里后兩條已經不適用于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)應力(li)(li)計(ji)算。早在(zai)1833年管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)專家就已經研究并得出環(huan)向應力(li)(li)在(zai)靠(kao)(kao)近(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)(bi)內側處高于靠(kao)(kao)近(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)(bi)外(wai)側處。


  不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壁(bi)厚計算(suan)的精準公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)拉(la)美(Lamé)公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),波(bo)特曼(man)(Boarman)公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)拉(la)美公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的簡(jian)化公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),當t≥D/6時(shi)(shi),波(bo)特曼(man)公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不再適(shi)用,按照(zhao)拉(la)美公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)計算(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壁(bi)厚。本書(shu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(3.3.5)和式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(3.3.6)最初來源于(yu)較精確且較復雜的拉(la)美(Lamé)公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),當t≥D/6時(shi)(shi),按照(zhao)ASME B31.3中的要(yao)求,修正系數Y為(wei)Y=d+2c/D+d+2c 對于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壓(ya)力等級大于(yu)2500 lbf/in的情況,須按照(zhao)ASME B31.3中高(gao)壓(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(K篇)進行(xing)壁(bi)厚計算(suan)和應力分析(xi)。






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