1. 環(huan)氧(yang)乙(yi)烷和乙(yi)二醇裝置(zhi)工藝簡介
環氧乙烷，別名氧化乙烯、惡烷、一氧三環，英文名 Ethylene Oxide，簡稱EO，分子式為C2H4O2，相對分子質量為44.05。
乙二醇即一乙二醇，俗稱甘醇，英文名 Ethylene Glycol，分子式為C2H5O2，相對分子質量為62.07。
幾乎70％以上(shang)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)用于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)，因而環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)通常與(yu)乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)建設在一個(ge)工(gong)廠。目前(qian)世界上(shang)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)／乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)都采用乙(yi)烯氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)直接氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)，環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)加壓直接水(shui)合法生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)。擁有該兩項技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)專利(li)商主要有SD公司、Shell公司、道(dao)化(hua)學公司，這(zhe)三家專利(li)商的(de)(de)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)工(gong)藝流程(cheng)基(ji)本(ben)相同。流程(cheng)基(ji)本(ben)都由環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)反應、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)回(hui)收、二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)脫除、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)精制(zhi)、乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)水(shui)合反應、多效蒸發及干燥、乙(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)精制(zhi)等主要工(gong)序組成。
SD工藝流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要由(you)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和洗(xi)滌系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)脫除(chu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷解吸和再吸收系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷精制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、乙二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和蒸(zheng)發系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、乙二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)脫水和精制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、多乙二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)分離系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)7個單(dan)元(yuan)組(zu)成。Shell工藝流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要由(you)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)工序、二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)脫除(chu)及(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷回收工序、輕組(zu)分脫除(chu)及(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙烷精制工序、乙二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)回收工序、乙二(er)(er)醇(chun)(chun)精制工序5個單(dan)元(yuan)組(zu)成。
EO極(ji)易燃(ran)燒(shao)，其閃點(dian)為-17.8℃，泄漏時產生(sheng)的靜(jing)電(dian)荷也會導致EO燃(ran)燒(shao)。當(dang)空(kong)氣EO氣濃度(du)(du)超過2.6％mol時就會形成爆炸性的混合物，當(dang)濃度(du)(du)達到100％時，EO氣會由燃(ran)燒(shao)轉變(bian)為分(fen)解(jie)。所以EO裝置內不設(she)火炬總管，安全閥都是直排大(da)氣。
2. 某(mou)環氧乙烷和乙二醇裝置布置典型實例(li)（圖5-115）
