輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一般(ban)每架成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)裝有一對或多(duo)對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)，每列成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組(zu)由兩架以上的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組(zu)線。在(zai)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中只有彎(wan)(wan)曲變(bian)形。除坯料(liao)彎(wan)(wan)曲角局部(bu)有輕微(wei)減薄外(wai)，變(bian)形材料(liao)的厚度(du)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中保持不變(bian)。這種加工(gong)方(fang)法特別適合于(yu)外(wai)形縱長、批(pi)量較大的高精度(du)產品的加工(gong)，此外(wai)，在(zai)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，可以很容易地將沖裁、打孔(kong)、壓印、縱彎(wan)(wan)等輔(fu)助加工(gong)引入進(jin)來。

  輥式冷彎成型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)可分為四種(zhong)，即(ji)單張（或單件）成型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、成卷(juan)成型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、連續成型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和(he)聯合加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。每一種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)都(dou)可分為3個階(jie)段，即(ji)成型前坯料(liao)準備階(jie)段、成型加(jia)工(gong)階(jie)段、型材(cai)精(jing)整階(jie)段。

  單張(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)就是預定(ding)尺坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法在坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之前將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)尺長度，然后用送(song)料(liao)輥(gun)(gun)將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)送(song)進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材不(bu)必經剪切即(ji)可收集入庫。采用這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)速(su)度一般(ban)在15~75m/min.這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)主要應用于(yu)小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后型(xing)(xing)(xing)材鋸(ju)切比較(jiao)困難(nan)的(de)情(qing)況下。采用單張(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機組的(de)設備較(jiao)簡單、工(gong)具費用少、投(tou)資低(di)。但(dan)用這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產工(gong)藝(yi)得(de)到(dao)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材邊(bian)部縱向拉伸(shen)較(jiao)大，因而(er)只有(you)利(li)用側(ce)立輥(gun)(gun)才能得(de)到(dao)比較(jiao)精(jing)確的(de)產品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝基本相(xiang)同(tong)，所(suo)不同(tong)的是連(lian)(lian)續(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時前一卷(juan)(juan)帶(dai)材的尾(wei)部(bu)與后一卷(juan)(juan)帶(dai)材的頭部(bu)經過齊對焊，使(shi)坯料(liao)帶(dai)材連(lian)(lian)續(xu)不斷地進人(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機進行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時帶(dai)卷(juan)(juan)頭尾(wei)不對焊，進行單(dan)卷(juan)(juan)供料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。與單(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝相(xiang)比，這兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝更加高效、高產、通用(yong)。這兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝的主要(yao)優點是：

①. 帶(dai)卷(juan)成(cheng)本低、切損少，因而(er)降低了材料總(zong)成(cheng)本。

②. 由(you)于需要(yao)(yao)的成(cheng)型機架數少且不需要(yao)(yao)額(e)外的導衛(wei)裝置，因而工具成(cheng)本低。

③. 可以加(jia)工(gong)形(xing)狀比單張(zhang)成(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)更復(fu)雜的(de)型材。

④. 型材的頭尾部(bu)扭(niu)曲及張開度(du)減小。

⑤. 由于操作幾乎是連續的，因而(er)生產率(lv)得到(dao)提高。

  但這兩(liang)種成型(xing)(xing)工藝需(xu)要開(kai)卷機(ji)、活套器、對焊機(ji)、定尺飛(fei)鋸或飛(fei)剪等輔助設備(bei)，因(yin)而其機(ji)組設備(bei)投資較大、占地較大。成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的成型(xing)(xing)速度一般為30~90m/min.目前投產的絕大多數輥(gun)式冷彎成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組均是采用這兩(liang)種工藝，因(yin)此后面將以這兩(liang)種成型(xing)(xing)工藝為例進行重點闡(chan)述，圖(tu)5-1給出了其工藝流程示意(yi)圖(tu)。

  聯合加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)于加工(gong)具有特定要(yao)求的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼，如高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼、閉(bi)口焊接冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼、熱處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)化冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼、周期波紋板沖孔(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼，涂(tu)(tu)層冷(leng)(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼等。聯合加工(gong)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)設備(bei)最復雜、投資最高(gao)。根據產(chan)品的(de)要(yao)求這種機(ji)(ji)組(zu)可包括如下(xia)設備(bei)：直縫焊機(ji)(ji)、對焊機(ji)(ji)、輥(gun)式(shi)沖孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)、輥(gun)式(shi)壓印機(ji)(ji)、涂(tu)(tu)層機(ji)(ji)、熱處(chu)理(li)設備(bei)等。

 輥(gun)(gun)式冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)是用一(yi)(yi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)將帶材(cai)(cai)逐(zhu)漸(jian)壓彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)所需的(de)(de)斷面型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)，現(xian)以冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)角(jiao)鋼為例，圖5-2是由4個(ge)機架組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)輥(gun)(gun)式冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機組(zu)，第一(yi)(yi)機架完成(cheng)(cheng)帶材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)平整和送進工作(zuo)，第二～第四機架各承擔(dan)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)壓彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)任務，使帶材(cai)(cai)通過后被彎(wan)(wan)曲壓制成(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)。每一(yi)(yi)對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)所分擔(dan)的(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)曲變形量，決定了該機架孔型(xing)(xing)(xing)設計的(de)(de)基本尺寸。不過至今的(de)(de)孔型(xing)(xing)(xing)設計主(zhu)要(yao)還是依靠經驗的(de)(de)積累，尚缺乏理論(lun)解析(xi)方法。