本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏(shi)體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘(tao)汰落后的硝酸-氫(qing)氟酸法   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)的(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)(fa)——不(bu)銹鋼硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)試(shi)驗法(fa)(fa)(fa)最早(zao)于1984年修改(gai)采用(yong)(yong)自(zi)日(ri)本(ben)的(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)(de)早(zao)期版本(ben)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)包(bao)含了(le)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，但在(zai)(zai)1993年以后的(de)(de)版本(ben)中(zhong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)遭到(dao)淘汰(tai)，隨后日(ri)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)廢除(chu)了(le)JIS G 0574，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)當前其(qi)他各國標(biao)(biao)準中(zhong)均無(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有如下特(te)(te)點(dian)：不(bu)銹鋼在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)驗溶液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕電(dian)位處在(zai)(zai)活化-鈍化區，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)會(hui)伴(ban)有嚴重的(de)(de)全面腐(fu)蝕。所以，試(shi)樣必須(xu)采用(yong)(yong)參照試(shi)樣，借助腐(fu)蝕速(su)率(lv)比值的(de)(de)評定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)來(lai)篩除(chu)全面腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)影(ying)響。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)外，試(shi)驗時的(de)(de)溫度為70°C而不(bu)采用(yong)(yong)沸騰(teng)，控制相對(dui)不(bu)便；試(shi)驗溶液(ye)含有劇毒的(de)(de)氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)，不(bu)能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)常(chang)規的(de)(de)玻(bo)璃容(rong)器，而需采用(yong)(yong)耐硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)和(he)氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)特(te)(te)制塑料容(rong)器，這(zhe)(zhe)些因(yin)素都在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程度上影(ying)響了(le)該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，導致該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)幾乎從未被廣泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過。由于硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)些特(te)(te)點(dian)，這(zhe)(zhe)一方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)國標(biao)(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)名存實亡，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)更新版標(biao)(biao)準將該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)廢除(chu)。

2. 新增(zeng)兩個實驗方法使適用范圍進一步(bu)擴大(da)   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和制備、試驗報告進行了(le)部分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容中關于(yu)“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和(he)(he)制(zhi)備(bei)”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報(bao)告”部(bu)分參考了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，并同時進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)改進(jin)(jin)，體現(xian)了(le)(le)“先進(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)、科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)”；本(ben)次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修(xiu)訂在“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和(he)(he)制(zhi)備(bei)”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報(bao)告”部(bu)分與上述兩標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)適(shi)當的(de)(de)等同，既保(bao)證了(le)(le)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)，同時又使不同類型不銹鋼的(de)(de)晶間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)得到了(le)(le)統(tong)一。此(ci)外，對于(yu)彎曲法(fa)的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)在實際使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中遇到的(de)(de)問題以及(ji)(ji)多方意見增(zeng)加了(le)(le)附注，即(ji)“對于(yu)較厚(hou)的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)，若無法(fa)彎曲兩個(ge)被檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)面(mian)，則(ze)可取(qu)(qu)兩組(zu)各(ge)兩個(ge)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)。取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)時標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)出各(ge)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)某一樣(yang)面(mian)。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后(hou)，兩組(zu)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)分別彎曲被標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)面(mian)和(he)(he)未(wei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)面(mian)”，增(zeng)加了(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)實用(yong)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)可操作性(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度進(jin)行了部分調整   

   早(zao)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)驗標(biao)準(zhun)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)美、俄兩個體(ti)(ti)系標(biao)準(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)均為(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年(nian)代后(hou)均改為(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)2h偏長(chang)。根據(ju)合(he)肥通(tong)用(yong)機(ji)械研究院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)試(shi)驗分(fen)析，8mm左(zuo)右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)板，正常(chang)焊(han)條電弧(hu)焊(han)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大約不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過鋼(gang)(gang)板試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以一(yi)般認(ren)為(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴(yan)苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早(zao)也(ye)源自(zi)日(ri)本(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日(ri)標(biao)在(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂(ding)版(ban)中就將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行了(le)(le)(le)(le)等同(tong)，從而(er)將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大大縮短了(le)(le)(le)(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出(chu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另(ling)外說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“根據(ju)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)議，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)其他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中，卻(que)沒有(you)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款。到了(le)(le)(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)中，則把所有(you)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)超低碳鋼(gang)(gang)（碳含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)種（添加(jia)鈦或鈮(ni)），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650℃，壓力(li)(li)加(jia)工試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空冷。”而(er)無供(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)條款。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)這一(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，從各工業企(qi)業反饋(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來看(kan)(kan)，普遍認(ren)為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)過于(yu)(yu)死板，導致試(shi)驗敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任(ren)何(he)調整空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)合(he)金含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，其第二相析出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)有(you)差異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯(xian)然不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合(he)理(li)(li)，美國ASTM A262標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)允(yun)許(xu)供(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)隨后(hou)冷卻(que)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，ISO及(ji)日(ri)本(ben)JIS標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。可(ke)(ke)以說(shuo)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴(yan)格(ge)限定(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)地違背了(le)(le)(le)(le)科學性原則。 可(ke)(ke)以看(kan)(kan)到： (1) ASTM A262僅(jin)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)冷卻(que)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，但是(shi)(shi)推薦(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)種常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩種供(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)冷卻(que)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)均做出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)明(ming)(ming)確規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推薦(jian)(jian)采(cai)用(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)其他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)執行一(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓力(li)(li)加(jia)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空冷”。 此外，美國ASTM A262在(zai)銅(tong)-硫酸銅(tong)-16%硫酸法中，特(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)除非需方(fang)(fang)特(te)別聲明(ming)(ming)，否則可(ke)(ke)以使用(yong)ISO 3651-2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法替代本(ben)法，同(tong)時(shi)使用(yong)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)準(zhun)更新版(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)再作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮(lv)到國內長(chang)期(qi)以來一(yi)些設計選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性要求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)維持推薦(jian)(jian)采(cai)用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，已有(you)大量(liang)試(shi)驗和(he)(he)研究表明(ming)(ming)，使用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往往造成(cheng)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)(cheng)中試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)開(kai)裂，從而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)量(liang)，因(yin)此我們推薦(jian)(jian)采(cai)用(yong)使用(yong)范圍(wei)更加(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)其他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，則規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)“試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)否需要敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)和(he)(he)采(cai)取(qu)何(he)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)或供(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)確定(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸(suan)法所用硝酸(suan)濃度添加注釋說明   

   此(ci)前研究表(biao)(biao)明(ming)，硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)濃度(du)對(dui)試(shi)驗結果(guo)影響較大。對(dui)于硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老版(ban)標準(zhun)(zhun)有專門說明(ming)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)按要求(qiu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確(que)實比較困難，需要通過(guo)滴定來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)于企業來說存在(zai)困難。更新版(ban)標準(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文末添(tian)加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以(yi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)可以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)比重(zhong)法間接測(ce)定所配(pei)(pei)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃度(du)是否符合要求(qiu)。 此(ci)外，從該方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程反饋(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況看，有些(xie)企業和單位會參(can)照(zhao)美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法（比率為每(mei)升濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)添(tian)加(jia)108mL水）配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這(zhe)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情下(xia)是不(bu)可取的(de)(de)(de)(de)。美標的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法本(ben)身沒有問題，問題在(zai)于所用(yong)(yong)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)并不(bu)相同。國(guo)(guo)際標準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美國(guo)(guo)ASTM標準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)規定是69%~71%;而我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)規定為65%~68%。即所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)始濃度(du)就(jiu)不(bu)一致，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)使用(yong)(yong)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)去(qu)按照(zhao)美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法配(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)濃度(du)將明(ming)顯低于65%。遂(sui)在(zai)標準(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)一了(le)段注釋：“本(ben)標準(zhun)(zhun)所用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分(fen)數(shu)65%~68%），與美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分(fen)數(shu)69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能(neng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所規定硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)標準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。”

6. 對彎曲法的參數進行了修改   

   GB/T 4334自(zi)從(cong)第一(yi)(yi)版以(yi)來(lai)，就有行業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)相(xiang)比國(guo)外過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭(zheng)議一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)如下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)(fang)向進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)熔合線進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)最(zui)早沿(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果影(ying)響較(jiao)(jiao)小，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)便而(er)(er)(er)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)成兩(liang)個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)(er)(er)，近年來(lai)無論是(shi)理(li)論計算(suan)還是(shi)實際實驗(yan)(yan)都表明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果有很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)且本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會出(chu)現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)增加(jia)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相(xiang)檢測工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。例如大(da)(da)(da)量實驗(yan)(yan)研究表明，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較(jiao)(jiao)差，即(ji)使不(bu)(bu)經晶間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)料(liao)(liao)稍(shao)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)會由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷變(bian)形(xing)超過(guo)(guo)其塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類(lei)低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)特意聲明，不(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)未(wei)經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)獲得該材(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)產生冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，并(bing)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)來(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產生晶間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)外，我國(guo)鎳基(ji)合金晶間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)”，與此(ci)(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，也(ye)特別(bie)說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個與被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)材(cai)質及(ji)(ji)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)(bu)發生裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)”，這與ASTM A262是(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有行業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)合理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)(er)并(bing)非(fei)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)(dang)前GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中方(fang)(fang)法E往(wang)往(wang)增加(jia)了(le)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)期檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量，方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降低，遠不(bu)(bu)能滿足當(dang)(dang)前工(gong)程實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，結(jie)合眾(zhong)多專家意見(jian)及(ji)(ji)文獻，參考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及(ji)(ji)我國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參數(shu)進(jin)行更改非(fei)常有必要(yao)(yao)。 本次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改參照(zhao)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，經修改后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)(fang)向進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)熔合線進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個未(wei)經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其不(bu)(bu)發生開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，保留(liu)了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)由原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)考慮到焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差，當(dang)(dang)前工(gong)業上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也(ye)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)兼容(rong)了(le)此(ci)(ci)前版本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)(ci)外，還針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行了(le)特別(bie)說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)次變(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)”，這與ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)等同(tong)。相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)個厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)言適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等低塑(su)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標(biao)準名稱進行了變更   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹鋼(gang)的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。