1. 制定標(biao)準的意義
GB/T 34107-2017為(wei)首(shou)次制定，主編單位為(wei)江(jiang)蘇(su)銀環精密鋼管(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，參(can)加起草單位有(you)(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)蘇(su)武進(jin)不銹(xiu)股(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中國鐵(tie)道科學研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)標準計量研(yan)究(jiu)所、上海奉賢鋼管(guan)(guan)廠有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、山(shan)西太(tai)鋼不銹(xiu)鋼鋼管(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)株洲電(dian)力機車(che)(che)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)大連機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)青島四(si)方機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛股(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、冶金工業信息(xi)標準研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)。
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是保(bao)障軌(gui)道交通(tong)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)營運的(de)(de)關鍵設備(bei)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)為(wei)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液，精密(mi)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)是用(yong)(yong)來輸(shu)送壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液，實現(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)載體。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對精密(mi)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)非(fei)常(chang)嚴格，其質量直(zhi)接影響車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)性能(neng)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)各種閥類零件(jian)對精密(mi)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)表(biao)面的(de)(de)清潔度要求(qiu)非(fei)常(chang)高(gao)，不(bu)(bu)允許內(nei)表(biao)面存在(zai)(zai)異物、氧化(hua)皮脫(tuo)落(luo)、銹蝕等缺陷(xian)存在(zai)(zai)。否(fou)則會(hui)造成閥部件(jian)堵塞，動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)失靈(ling)，造成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)故障，從而危(wei)及行(xing)車安全(quan)。軌(gui)道交通(tong)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)每臺／節機(ji)車車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)大致(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)300公斤左右。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)軌(gui)道交通(tong)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)組裝(zhuang)過(guo)程中，通(tong)常(chang)會(hui)進行(xing)彎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、預裝(zhuang)卡套(tao)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)螺紋、焊接、機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程。在(zai)(zai)經(jing)過(guo)這些工(gong)(gong)業過(guo)程之后，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)應開裂、起皺，或有超過(guo)工(gong)(gong)藝規定的(de)(de)缺陷(xian)存在(zai)(zai)。軌(gui)道交通(tong)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)環境復雜(za)，接觸風、霜、雨(yu)、雪、粉(fen)塵(chen)、煤(mei)塵(chen)、紫外(wai)線等；還能(neng)夠遇到弱酸、弱堿(jian)等工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)。目前，鐵路機(ji)車車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)線路越來越長（例如從哈爾濱到廣(guang)州），氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)劇(ju)烈，對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)耐(nai)候(hou)性能(neng)提(ti)出(chu)了更高(gao)要求(qiu)。軌(gui)道交通(tong)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)日常(chang)的(de)(de)保(bao)養過(guo)程中，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)部分管(guan)(guan)路可能(neng)會(hui)直(zhi)接接觸工(gong)(gong)業清洗劑。這些都對機(ji)車車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)抗腐蝕、強度等性能(neng)提(ti)出(chu)了很高(gao)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。
本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹鋼無縫鋼管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。
2. 主要技術內容
鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。
3. 國內外標準對比及標準水(shui)平
和(he)《壓力用途的(de)(de)無縫鋼(gang)管交貨(huo)技術條件第5部分不銹鋼(gang)管》（EN 10216-5）、《精密用途的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管交貨(huo)技術條件第1部分無縫冷拔管》（EN10305-1）等標準(zhun)相比(bi)，本(ben)(ben)標準(zhun)在尺寸允許偏差、表(biao)面(mian)質量、化學成分、工藝性能、無損檢(jian)測、包裝等方面(mian)的(de)(de)要求更加(jia)明確(que)、具(ju)體和(he)嚴格。本(ben)(ben)標準(zhun)為國際(ji)先進水(shui)平(ping)。
