靜(jing)(jing)電是指工業靜(jing)(jing)電，即(ji)在(zai)生產、儲運過(guo)程中在(zai)物料、裝置、人體(ti)、器材和構筑物上產生和積累起來(lai)的靜(jing)(jing)電。

  兩種不同性質的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)相互摩(mo)擦，緊密接觸或迅速(su)剝離都會(hui)產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)帶(dai)有正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如果該物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)與大地絕緣(yuan)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)無法(fa)泄漏，停留(liu)在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)內部或表面而呈相對靜止(zhi)狀態，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)就(jiu)(jiu)稱(cheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可(ke)燃化工物(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)、油品等在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過程(cheng)中，物(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)分子(zi)(zi)之間(jian)和其他(ta)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質之間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦，會(hui)產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)摩(mo)擦的(de)加劇而增大，如不及時導除，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高到一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度時，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)在(zai)兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)之間(jian)閃(shan)火(huo)(huo)（即靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起(qi)油品爆(bao)炸(zha)著(zhu)火(huo)(huo)。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的高低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大(da)小主要與下列因素有關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)內介質(zhi)流速越(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高；空(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)(yue)干燥(zao)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)不容易從空(kong)氣(qi)中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)容易升高；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)內壁越(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)(you)品流經的彎(wan)頭閥門越(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高；油(you)(you)品含水(shui)時，比(bi)不含水(shui)分(fen)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高幾(ji)倍到(dao)幾(ji)十倍；非金屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)，如(ru)橡膠、塑料(liao)等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)比(bi)金屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)更容易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)上濾(lv)網其柵網越(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高。綢氈過(guo)濾(lv)網產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高；空(kong)氣(qi)的溫度較(jiao)高（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)的相(xiang)對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時，極易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相(xiang)同條件下，輕(qing)質(zhi)燃料(liao)油(you)(you)比(bi)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜電(dian)的危害有(you)三種：一是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)引起(qi)爆炸和火災，靜電(dian)的能(neng)量雖然不(bu)大，但因(yin)其電(dian)壓很高且(qie)易放電(dian)出現靜電(dian)火花；二(er)是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)擊(ji)，靜電(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)擊(ji)雖然不(bu)會(hui)致(zhi)人死亡，但是(shi)(shi)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會(hui)導致(zhi)二(er)次事故，因(yin)此也要加以防(fang)范(fan)；三是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)影(ying)響生(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)產(chan)中，靜電(dian)有(you)可能(neng)會(hui)影(ying)響儀器設備的正常運行或降低產(chan)品的質(zhi)量。此外(wai)，靜電(dian)還(huan)會(hui)引起(qi)電(dian)子(zi)自(zi)動元件的誤操作。