工業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，是(shi)由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)等組(zu)成(cheng)，用(yong)以輸送、分(fen)(fen)配、混合、分(fen)(fen)離(li)、排放、計(ji)量或控(kong)制流體(ti)流動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)用(yong)于(yu)連接(jie)(jie)或裝(zhuang)配成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊(dian)片(pian)、緊固件(jian)(jian)、閥門以及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)指非普通(tong)標(biao)準組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，系(xi)按工程設(she)計(ji)條件(jian)(jian)特(te)殊(shu)制造的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括膨(peng)脹節、補償(chang)器(qi)、特(te)殊(shu)閥門、爆炸片(pian)、阻火(huo)器(qi)、過濾器(qi)、撓性接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)及(ji)軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)，用(yong)于(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或約(yue)束管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位移的(de)(de)各種結構的(de)(de)總稱，但不包(bao)括土(tu)建結構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)只是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)，當(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥門和(he)其(qi)他機械設(she)備連接(jie)(jie)，并由(you)支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)支(zhi)(zhi)承時，才被稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)管道器(qi)材(cai)(cai)是整個管道設計過程的基礎部分，它直接影(ying)響到(dao)管道系統(tong)乃至整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的安全性(xing)、可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)和(he)經濟(ji)性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)管道器(qi)材(cai)(cai)在(zai)石油、化工(gong)(gong)(gong)、石油化工(gong)(gong)(gong)、電力、輕紡(fang)、船舶、制藥等工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)部門的管道裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中所占比例很大。在(zai)石油化工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中，管道材(cai)(cai)料中各主要項目費用(yong)所占比例如圖16.1所示。

工業管道常用(yong)材料分(fen)類見(jian)表16.2。