工(gong)業管道器材選(xuan)用時主要(yao)遵循以(yi)下(xia)幾項原則：
1. 材料的使用(yong)性能
材料的(de)力(li)(li)(li)學性能和(he)化學、物理等(deng)(deng)特性，應符(fu)合(he)有(you)關標準和(he)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。各種(zhong)金屬(shu)(shu)材料的(de)使用(yong)溫度(du)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)應符(fu)合(he)有(you)關的(de)標準規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)。例如(ru)化工(gong)(gong)系(xi)列通(tong)常要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)符(fu)合(he) GB150《固定(ding)式壓力(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)》、GB 50316《工(gong)(gong)業(ye)金屬(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設計規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》等(deng)(deng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)；石(shi)化系(xi)列通(tong)常要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)符(fu)合(he)SH 3059《石(shi)油化工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設計器(qi)材選》等(deng)(deng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)；GB／T 20801《壓力(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、TSG D0001《壓力(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)安全技術監察(cha)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》等(deng)(deng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)提(ti)出(chu)了壓力(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)金屬(shu)(shu)材料的(de)使用(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)；ASME B31.1《動力(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)》、ASME B31.3《工(gong)(gong)藝管(guan)(guan)道(dao)》等(deng)(deng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)也提(ti)出(chu)了金屬(shu)(shu)材料的(de)使用(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)。
2. 材料的(de)工(gong)藝性能
工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)道是由管(guan)(guan)子(zi)和(he)形式多種多樣的管(guan)(guan)件所(suo)組成，因此金屬材(cai)(cai)料能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠適應加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)要求的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力是決定能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)進(jin)行加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)如何加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的重要因素。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大致分(fen)為焊(han)接性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、切削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、鍛軋性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)鑄造性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，對于管(guan)(guan)道材(cai)(cai)料，以焊(han)接性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)切削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)最為重要。因此，在管(guan)(guan)道的整體(ti)選材(cai)(cai)過程中(zhong)，特別是特殊管(guan)(guan)件的選材(cai)(cai)要充分(fen)考慮所(suo)選材(cai)(cai)料的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。
3. 材料的經(jing)濟性
經濟性(xing)是(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)材(cai)(cai)必須考慮的(de)重(zhong)要因(yin)素(su)，不(bu)僅指選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)本身(shen)價(jia)格(ge)，同(tong)時(shi)使制(zhi)造出的(de)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格(ge)最低。所選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)應盡量減少(shao)品(pin)種和(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)格(ge)，以(yi)便(bian)采(cai)購(gou)、生產(chan)、安裝和(he)(he)(he)(he)備件的(de)管理。不(bu)同(tong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)價(jia)格(ge)在不(bu)同(tong)地區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)時(shi)間差別較大，設計(ji)人(ren)員要有(you)(you)市場意識和(he)(he)(he)(he)經濟觀念，應對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)市場的(de)價(jia)格(ge)有(you)(you)所了解，以(yi)便(bian)經濟、科學地選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇。隨著工業發(fa)展，資源、能源的(de)問(wen)題日漸(jian)突出，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)應是(shi)來(lai)源豐富，并結合我國資源和(he)(he)(he)(he)國內生產(chan)實際情(qing)況加以(yi)考慮。
4. 材料的耐蝕性能
對于(yu)全面腐(fu)蝕(shi)只(zhi)考慮(lv)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裕(yu)量(liang)就能保證其管道(dao)的(de)強度和(he)壽命。對于(yu)局部腐(fu)蝕(shi)，不能采用增加腐(fu)蝕(shi)裕(yu)量(liang)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，必須從材(cai)料的(de)選(xuan)擇方(fang)法(fa)考慮(lv)其選(xuan)材(cai)或采取相應(ying)工藝措施和(he)防腐(fu)蝕(shi)措施。金屬材(cai)料耐蝕(shi)評定方(fang)法(fa)有(you)重量(liang)法(fa)和(he)線性極化法(fa)。設計選(xuan)材(cai)時應(ying)充(chong)分考慮(lv)材(cai)料的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裕(yu)量(liang)（腐(fu)蝕(shi)裕(yu)量(liang)＝腐(fu)蝕(shi)速度x使用壽命）。鐵碳(tan)合(he)金耐蝕(shi)性的(de)影響因(yin)素：鐵碳(tan)合(he)金的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)，鐵碳(tan)合(he)金在(zai)各種(zhong)介質中的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)；介質溫度和(he)壓力的(de)影響；應(ying)力腐(fu)蝕(shi)及腐(fu)蝕(shi)疲勞。
5. 選擇材料時(shi)(shi)應(ying)考慮由(you)于設(she)備（如熱交換器(qi)、疏水器(qi)）、閥(fa)門（調節閥(fa)、節流閥(fa)）等(deng)而出現的壓(ya)力、溫度(du)的變化，上游(you)切斷閥(fa)、旁通(tong)閥(fa)應(ying)符合上游(you)條(tiao)件；下游(you)切斷閥(fa)應(ying)根據(ju)下游(you)條(tiao)件和短(duan)時(shi)(shi)期的上游(you)條(tiao)件來(lai)確定。
6. 公稱直(zhi)徑小于等(deng)于DN80的(de)飲用(yong)水和儀表空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)管道應采用(yong)鍍鋅的(de)管子和管件（或采用(yong)非金屬材(cai)料）以保證管道的(de)清潔。
7. 除有(you)特殊要求，一般(ban)不允許使用銅和銅合金(jin)材料。
