不銹鋼電解拋光工藝流程要根據表面不同的情形、不銹(xiu)鋼的種類選擇適合的操作程序。
工藝流(liu)程 1
適合(he)于煉鋼出(chu)來的材料,表面(mian)有一層氧(yang)化(hua)皮,經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光能獲得光亮如鏡的表面(mian)。堿性化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)油(you)(氫氧(yang)化(hua)鈉(na)(na)50~80g/L,碳酸鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,磷酸三鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣粉(fen)(fen)7~10g/L,溫(wen)度95~100℃,時(shi)間(jian)15~30min)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→去(qu)污粉(fen)(fen)擦(ca)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→上(shang)夾具(接(jie)觸點用(yong)螺釘(ding)擰緊)→下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光槽[電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光液按配方(fang)4,拋(pao)(pao)光件放在陽極上(shang),鉛板放在陰極上(shang),陰陽極面(mian)積比1:(2~3.5),調整好陰陽極之(zhi)間(jian)距離100~300mm]→給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)拋(pao)(pao)光(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓6~12V,陽極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流密度30~60A/d㎡,溫(wen)度50~80℃,時(shi)間(jian)8~3min)→斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)槽→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→拆卸(xie)夾具→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍(dun)化(hua)處理[硝(xiao)酸(d=1.40)600~700mL/L,重鉻酸鉀8~10g/L,室溫(wen),時(shi)間(jian)30~40min]→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→中和(碳酸鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,室溫(wen),時(shi)間(jian)2min)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→干(gan)燥(0.3~0.5MPa壓縮空氣吹干(gan)并烘干(gan))。
工(gong)藝流程 2
采用三次不(bu)同的拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)方(fang)法。拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)不(bu)銹鋼零(ling)件可按(an)此工(gong)(gong)序(xu)進行。機(ji)械拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)→化學(xue)除油→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→酸(suan)蝕(shi)(工(gong)(gong)業鹽酸(suan)加緩(huan)蝕(shi)劑六亞甲基四胺(an)1~2g/L,室溫,時間1.0~2min;或工(gong)(gong)業硫酸(suan)200~250g/L,緩(huan)蝕(shi)劑硫脲(niao)0.3~0.5g/L,溫度80~98℃,時間3~5min)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(按(an)表3-1中配(pei)(pei)方(fang)8或其(qi)他)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→電解(jie)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(按(an)表3-3中配(pei)(pei)方(fang),適當選取)→熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→鈍(dun)化→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→中和(he)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)→熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(90~98℃)→烘干(gan)。
工藝(yi)流程 3
適合于切削加工馬氏體不銹鋼(gang)制品,經一次電化學拋光、鈍化得成品。裝夾具→電化學除油(氫氧化鈉15~25g/L,碳酸鈉25~35g/L,磷酸三鈉10~20g/L,溫度55~60℃,陽極DA2~5A/d㎡2,時間1~2min)→熱水洗→冷水洗→酸蝕[硫酸(d=1.84)10%~15%(質量分數),室溫,30~60秒]→冷水洗→電化學拋光(溶液按表3-3配方7配制)→冷水洗→冷水洗→鈍化(硝酸250mL/L,重鉻酸鉀20g/L,室溫,時間<30min;或重鉻酸鉀15g/L,氫氧化鈉3g/L,pH6.5~7.5,溫度60~80℃,時間3min)→冷水洗→冷水洗→中和(只用鈍化前一個配方時進行,碳酸鈉20~30g/L)→冷水洗→冷水洗→熱水洗→干燥(壓縮空氣吹干)。
工(gong)藝流程 4
適合(he)于(yu)有焊接縫氧(yang)化皮(pi)的不銹鋼(gang)。裝夾具(ju)→除油→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→去氧(yang)化皮(pi)(氫氧(yang)化鈉(na)95~105g/L,碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)100~200g/L,高錳酸(suan)(suan)鉀80~90g/L,溫(wen)度60~70℃,零件掛陽極(ji),DA35~45A/d㎡2,時間(jian)7~9min,陰極(ji)掛鉛(qian)板(ban))→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)[硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)10%~15%(質量分數)]→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→光(guang)亮浸蝕(shi)(硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)100mL/L,硝酸(suan)(suan)170mL/L,氫氟酸(suan)(suan)50mL/L,室溫(wen),5~10min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→電化學(xue)拋光(guang)(按表3-3配方11進行)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→鈍化(硝酸(suan)(suan)500mL/L,重鉻酸(suan)(suan)鉀10g/L,室溫(wen),時間(jian)10min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→中和(he)(碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)20~30g/L,室溫(wen),2min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→吹(chui)干→下夾具(ju)。